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What happens when I sign up for CELBANPrep GOLD? What can I expect? What do I get?
What does 36 lessons and 50 videos really mean?
What happens over the 90 days? The 12 weeks?
Is CELBANPrep GOLD really for IENs preparing for the CELBAN AND IEHPs preparing for their licensure?
What if I add-on the One-to-One Coaching? How many hours of coaching do I get?
CELBANPrep GOLD is a 12-week (90 Day) CLB-based CELBAN Preparation learning pathway made up of three full-term university-level courses.
GOLD includes:
Wonderful Writing (WW): 12 lessons
Essential EQ (E2Q): 12 lessons
Canadian Communication & Culture (C3): 12 lessons
3 courses x 12 lessons = 36 lessons
That is 36 lessons across three integrated courses delivered over 12 weeks = 90 days.
For IENs who need thorough CLB-based skill development as part of their CELBAN preparation: CELBANPrep GOLD Bundle was created.
For IEHPs who seek CLB-based professional communication development in preparation for professional practice and licensure in Canada.
Different learners. Same CLB-based skill development.
CELBAN preparation and professional communication development are not two different educational purposes inside GOLD.
They are both based on the same CLB skills.
The difference is who is learning and why they need the skills.
The GOLD Bundle is more than a collection of videos, lessons, or practice activities.
It is a structured learning experience.
Delivered over 12 weeks, learners work through three comprehensive university-level courses at the same time:
12 lessons
Writing, Reading, Grammar, Sentence Structure, Punctuation, Medical Collocations.
12 lessons
Speaking, Listening, Emotional Awareness, Emotional literacy, Persuasive Communication.
12 lessons
Listening, Speaking, Canadian Communication, Compassionate Problem Solving.
36 lessons
Integrated CLB-based skill development:
Stage II (CLB 5-8)
Stage III (CLB 9-10)
Each week, you receive a lesson from each course.
The lessons are not isolated.
They build on one another.
The learning movement is:
LEARN
Each skill is learned in one lesson.
⬇️
PRACTICE
It is then integrated into the next lesson.
⬇️
APPLY
Use it in the assignment.
⬇️
SUBMIT
Bring it into coaching
⬇️
ACT
Apply it into to various real-life situation.
That is the GOLD Bundle learning experience.
CELBANPrep GOLD is CLB-based skill development.
The 3 courses (C3, E2Q, WW) develop skills associated with the CLB range relevant to CELBAN and professional communication, including Stage II and Stage III work.
The following four CLB communication competencies are part of the learning:
Interacting with Others. ✅
Understanding and Sharing Information. ✅
Giving and Receiving Multi-Step Instructions. ✅
Getting Things Done. ✅
When it comes to the CLB / CELBAN,
it is impossible to obtain required scores though memorization,
by using templates,
by taking practice tests over and over again,
or hoping one day you will magically succeed at getting the required score.
That is why the purpose of the GOLD Bundle is not to memorize CLB language.
The purpose of CELBANPrep GOLD is to develop the communication skills needed to use English effectively in increasingly demanding situations.
For an IEN preparing for CELBAN:
CLB-based skill development supports your CELBAN preparation.
For an IEHP developing communication for professional practice:
The same CLB-based skill development supports your professional workplace interpersonal communication skills.
CELBANPrep GOLD takes place in the Learning Centre of the CELBANPrep University: an app-based virtual campus.
The learning environment includes:
daily lessons for Grammar Essentials (part of the Silver Bundle). ✅
teaching lesson videos. ✅
assignment videos. ✅
Assignments may be composed of:
lesson materials. ✅
links to relevant resources. ✅
interactive skill development activities. ✅
submitting written assignments. ✅
answering reflective questions. ✅
Coaching may consist of:
written feedback when coaching is included. ✅
written comments. ✅
live verbal discussions. ✅
live demonstrations. ✅
opportunities to apply what is being learned. ✅
receiving verbal feedback, encouragement, and upliftment. ✅
CELBANPrep University, GOLD Bundle, offers different types of resources, materials, and interactions for different kinds of experiential and participatory learning.
Extensive learning materials, created over time since 2009, may include:
links to relevant resources. ✅
PDFs. ✅
videos. ✅
posters. ✅
graphics. ✅
planners. ✅
readings. ✅
workbooks. ✅
documents. ✅
other lesson resources. ✅
Assignments have been designed, thoughtfully, to align with the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLBs) Stage II and Stage III.
As such they allow learners, like you, to develop skills and capacties when it comes to:
Interacting With Others. ✅
Sharing Information. ✅
Giving and Receiving Instructions. ✅
Getting Things Done. ✅
All assignments are interactive, experiential, and participatory.
This allows learners, like you, to integrate the skills into your daily life.
The more you practice, these skills, on a daily basis: the more natural they become.
The more natural the skills are, the more confident you will be.
The more confident and comfortable you are demonstrating the skills,
the higher your benchmark score will be.
Through CELBANPrep GOLD, learners, like you, receive tasks to complete and skills to apply.
Woven together, working synergistically and additively, at higher levels, assignments may include more than one piece of work.
The greatest results happen when learners practise daily while working through each assignment. That is how, by the end of 12 weeks, especially with the addition of coaching, demonstrating these skills in unpredicatable (moderately demanding and demanding situations) happens with ease, confidence, and grace.
Questions are an integral part of each lesson.
Taking time to reflect on the learning journey, allows learners, like you, to become aware of the impact and implications of each skill being taught, presented, and practiced.
Over time, learners begin to see the natural web and flow of the skills as they merge together: manifesting in unexpected ways.
It is this element of emergence that allows learners to aquire skills and competencies in moderately demanding to demanding situations: those required to obtain Stage II (CLB 5-8) and Stage III (CLB 9-10) benchmark scores.
In this way answering questions provides a place for the learning to grow.
In coaching situations, it also offers a space to ask about the lesson, the assignments, the tasks, or something that needs clarification.
GOLD contains 36 lessons.
But GOLD is not simply a collection of 36 lessons.
It is:
3 courses × 12 lessons × 12 weeks of learning, practice, application, and integration.
The number describes the structure.
It does not describe the whole experience.
No. GOLD is CLB-based skill development.
For an IEN preparing for CELBAN, those skills are part of CELBAN preparation.
For an IEHP developing professional communication for licensure and practice in Canada, those same CLB-based skills support professional communication development.
Different learners. Same CLB-based skill development.
GOLD = CLB = CELBAN.
No. Practice can be part of learning, but GOLD is not built around repeated mock examinations.
The learning pathway is:
Learn → Practise → Apply → Revise → Integrate.
The purpose is to develop the skills needed to communicate.
No. Videos are one part of the learning environment.
GOLD also includes lessons, readings, activities, assignments, practice, and application. One-on-one coaching also creates opportunities for teacher-led feedback and review.
With coaching, there is an additional human layer of mentoring, role modelling, review, and individualized support.
The courses are structured as a 12-week learning pathway.
The learner is expected to work with the material, practise, apply, and integrate it.
The value is not simply in how quickly videos can be watched, but how consistently you can demonstrate the skill being presented and practiced daily.
No. Instruction teaches the lesson.
Coaching works with the learner's actual development.
Coaching can help the learner understand recurring difficulties, apply the lesson to their own work, revise, practise again, and integrate the skill.
No. Feedback can be as simple as identifying errors and making suggestions on what is needed to improve. Dependency happens when feedback lacks lasting instruction.
Instruction teaches the skill so that mistakes no longer happen.
CELBANPrep Coaching provides feedback (identifying the errors) and then provides instructions on how to correct the patterns so that the errors no longer occur. Feedback + instruction allows the learner to learner's actually develop towards independence.
Coaching, as a combination of providing feedback and instruction, helps the learner beyond simply identifying errors. By understand recurring difficulties, apply the lesson to their own work, revise, practise again, and integrate the skill through mentoring and modelling, learners become true apprentices of what is being taught.
8+4=12 lessons
When you write, you read.
When you read analytically, you learn to write.
When you write, you learn to express yourself in private.
When you learn to express yourself in private, you learn to express yourself verbally.
Wonderful Writing develops writing with Reading and Speaking integrated into the learning.
The course includes work with:
Writing.
communication of ideas.
organization.
time management.
identification of writing pattern errors.
integration of corrective writing patterns.
applied self-correction.
Application of Grammar Essentials.
grammar.
punctuation.
sentence structure.
review.
skill practice.
skill application.
Identifying and correcting medical collocation errors.
Repeated practice and application over the 12 week period.
Eight of the twelve lessons are focused on the stages of writing; Grammar Essentials is covered during the four additional weeks.
Grammar is not treated as a list of rules to memorize.
Instead, it is a vital part of learning self-correcting skills.
It then becomes part of your communication style, voice, and expression:
verbally and in writing.
12 lessons
When you speak, you listen.
When you listen, you speak.
Listening isn't just about being silent.
Speaking isn't just about talking.
Layers and layers of micro-skills come together to create the macro-skills we call speaking and listening.
For this reason, Essential EQ develops Speaking and Listening together.
The course includes work with:
speaking.
listening.
emotional awareness: self and others.
emotional literacy.
empathetic response.
interaction with others: team work, leadership.
getting things done: persuasion, leadership.
applying communication skills in real situations and to daily life.
The purpose is not simply to answer questions verbally.
The purpose is to develops the ability to listen, understand, respond to verbal communication with greater awareness of verbal and non-verbal cues.
12 lessons
Where the focus of E2Q is primarily speaking and then listening,
Canadian Communication & Culture develops Listening primarily and then Speaking within Canadian communication and healthcare contexts.
The course includes work with:
listening.
speaking.
attending behaviours.
interpersonal relationships in a Canadian Context.
Canadian Workplace dynamics.
integrative and iterative problem solving.
applying communication skills to daily situations: in life and in the community
E2Q and C3 complement one another.
One does not simply finish speaking and then begin listening.
To speak, we need to listen.
To listen, we need to speak.
The two courses gradually merge and strengthen the larger Listening and Speaking skills.
The CELBANPrep GOLD Bundle, in the Learning Centre, of CELBANPrep University contains C3, E2Q, WW.
These are three separate full-length courses.
With daily practice for each lesson, and each skill presented,
each course takes a minimum of 12 weeks to complete.
They are also integrative: additive, mutualistic.
Let's explore them one at a time, to understand their relationships and dynamics more clearly.
Grammar Essentials (Silver Bundle) provides focused grammar learning.
Wonderful Writing (GOLD Bundle) provides a place to use that grammar in writing.
Through this synergistic combination, the learner moves from understanding an essential grammar distinction to actually using it insitu.
When it comes to E2Q and C3: both develop Listening and Speaking skills and competencies:
Interacting with others.
Sharing Information.
Giving and Receiving Instructions.
Getting Things Done.
They approach communication from different directions; but then when you bring those skills together you get compassionate and empathetic problem-solving, persuasive leadership, and healthy relationship dynamics.
Individually, the 3 courses within the CELBANPrep GOLD Bundle offer substantial benefits.
Together, the three courses contribute additively and synergistically to broader Stage II and Stage III CLB-based communication development.
Reading, Writing, Listening, and Speaking do not live in four separate boxes.
They interact.
Communication is integrated.
CELBANPrep GOLD Bundle fosters that interaction, that integration, that synergy.
A learner studies how to edit their work by triaging a grammar mistake.
They write a sentence.
They triage their writing.
They submit their work.
They receive feedback.
They notice that the same problem appears repeatedly in other pieces of writing.
They become aware of the pattern.
They learn the new pattern.
They deveop the ability of identifying their own mistakes.
They know how to correct them.
In time they no longer make that mistake.
The lesson is learned.
Then they use the skill again.
Their pathway is:
Knowledge ➡️ Practice ➡️ Application ➡️ Integration.
A learner studies identifying core emotions.
They practise recognizing emotions when communicating with others at home, at school, or at work.
They orient themselves in the lesson when they discuss what they noticed.
They discern how to apply the skill to a healthcare interaction.
They decide on how to practise responding.
They act.
In time confidence grows.
Soon they are identifying emotions in others,
before engaging in problem-solving.
Suddenly, they are competent in compassionate problem-solving.
The goal is not simply to know the names of emotions.
The goal is to discern, decide, act, and communicate with greater awareness.
A learner works on a communication situation involving problem-solving.
They observe: body language, tone of voice, facial expressions.
They ask questions.
They listen attentively.
Curiosity rises.
They identify what is really happening.
They initiate a brainstorming session.
They guide the decision making process.
They plan a time to follow-up.
They orient within the lesson when they share their experience.
They receive feedback.
They discern patterns.
They decide what to modify in the future.
They act accordingly: with confidence.
They know the skill can be used again in another situation.
A learner begins working on writing in WW.
That writing may require reading and understanding information.
The learner may then discuss the situation through speaking.
Listening becomes part of the interaction.
The learner's communication skills are no longer four separate subjects.
They begin to work together.
That is integration.
GOLD is structured around 12 weeks.
Each week, you work with individual lessons from each of the three courses.
That means:
3 courses × 12 lessons = 36 lessons
However, the process is not to simply watch 36 videos and move on.
Instead, each lesson becomes a starting point for the practice and application assignment.
Integration happens when the skill introduced in the lesson is practiced on a daily basis for an entire week. Then the next lesson, the next skill, is build upon it. And so on.
A typical learning movement looks like this:
VIDEO LESSON
⬇️
Watch & Learn
⬇️
ASSIGNMENT
⬇️
Apply & Practise
⬇️
Experiential Understanding
⬇️
Integrate & Gain Competence
⬇️
NEW LESSON
In this way, the learning process becomes cumulative.
What you learn in Week 1 does not disappear when Week 2 begins.
You carry it forward: again and again and again.
The ulimate goal of the GOLD Bundle is becoming so competent with each skill that it becomes second nature; and you become independent.
CELBANPrep GOLD, in the Learning Centre, of the CELBANPrep University, is not a practice-test program.
Yet practice is a fundamental, foundational, and intrinsic part of the GOLD Bundle.
Experience happens from doing.
Participation is required to build experience.
Practice is how participation happens.
The point is not to take yet another test.
The point is to practice the skill until you can actually do it: independently.
Throughout the lessons of the 3 courses within the CELBANPrep GOLD Bundle, learners, like you, are encouraged to practise the presented skills regularly: on a daily basis.
In Wonderful Writing, for example, each week you receive one lesson.
Each lesson presents one skill.
Each skill is practiced in a timed-situation for five minutes per day.
This is repeated for each lesson, for each skill.
If you write something for 5 minutes at a time.
Then you repeat that action 6 times.
5 min x 6 = 30 min
So, it takes approximately 30 minutes to create 6 passages.
Right?
Now, over five days, that becomes approximately 30 passages.
5 days x 6 passages = 30 passages
Not one long piece of writing.
Not even 5 pieces of writing.
But 30 brief passages.
The length is not what is important.
The skill is what is important.
Practicing the skill is what is important.
So, 30 passages in one week!
Then, for the following week, the following lesson, the next skill is applied to those 30 passages you just created.
The assignment provides a place to focus, apply, and demonstrate individual skills.
The assignment provides a place to focus, apply, and demonstrate learning.
Add in the coaching layer.
Learners, writers, are not expected to submit all 30 passages.
They choose which ones to submit for review.
And the learning deepens.
When it comes to experiential, participatory, learning and skill development:
Completing a CELBANPrep Gold Bundle assignment is not necessarily answering one question with one answer.
What does that mean?
Let us explore what feedback means.
This is the traditional process.
The Student Submits a Piece of Writing
⬇️
The instructor identifies errors
⬇️
Instructor provides feedback
⬇️
The instructor assigns a grade
⬇️
The end.
There is zero instruction, zero learning, as to how to identify these errors.
There is zero instruction, zero learning, as to how to correct these errors.
There is zero instruction, zero learning, as to how to prevent these errors.
The entire learning process sustains dependency.
Learners depend on another person to identify errors, to learn, to grow.
Correcting and preventing mistakes isn't even part of the agenda, the experience, the intent.
But, when it comes to experiential learning,
When it comes to skill development,
required at a CLB Stage II and Stage III (CLBs 5-10),
when it comes to coaching and CELBANPrep GOLD:
learners are encouraged to not only practice on a daily basis,
but also to also integrate what they are learning.
Let us continue the writing example from above.
This time the learner watches a video, practices daily, submits their work for review, receives instructions along with the feedback, and integrates what they have learned before RE-SUBMITTING the work.
This is what that movement looks like:
VIDEO LESSON
⬇️
Practice daily
5 minutes each x 6 pieces = 30 passages
⬇️
Choose 5 passages to focus on
⬇️
Submit selected passages to the writing coach
⬇️
Receive written feedback
Attend live coaching sessions
⬇️
Understand the difficulty
Understand the correction required
(spelling, capitalization, typing)
Focus on Medical Collocation Errors
Focus on Grammar, Sentence Structure, Punctuation Errors
⬇️
Revise the passages
⬇️
Re-submit the work for review
See the difference between the traditional pathway and our experiential learning pathway?
This is one of the reasons why the GOLD Bundle cannot be understood simply by counting assignments or videos.
One submission may be reviewed several times.
That does not mean that the learner only created one piece of writing.
It means that that one piece of writing is reviewed extensively:
through several drafts.
through several iterations...
learning along the way.
This is how learners become writers,
and writers obtain skills to identify, correct, and even prevent errors:
not passively but interactively.
Independently.
With CELBANPrep GOLD, learning happens through the relationship between all the parts, when they are woven together, over time and through practice.
Consistent with the CELBANPrep Compassionate Pricing Policy,
One-on-One Coaching is an additional layer of the learning experience.
➡️ Where the GOLD Bundle lessons provide instruction,
➡️ Coaching provides human support around the learner's actual development.
Coaching can include:
Written comments, feedback, and interactions.
reviewing learner work.
identifying errors when it comes to grammar, punctuation, sentence structure.
identifying recurring patterns: weaknesses.
identifying medical collocation errors.
working with medical collocations.
guiding the learning process towards skill development.
providing written feedback on how to prevent errors in the future.
Live interactions include:
applying lessons to real situations.
discussing submitted work.
clarifying confusion.
speaking practice.
mentoring skills.
providing guidance.
answering questions.
prompting reflection.
offering encouragement.
creating a space to grow and share.
modelling Canadian Communication.
modelling relationship and communication repairs.
helping the learner understand how one skill connects to another.
Coaching is not a second lecture series.
(Our coaches time is to valuable: that is what the video lessons are for.)
Instead, the learner brings stories about how they are applying the CLB-based skills.
They share their growth experiences.
They share their challenges.
They experience compassionate problem-solving
and practical intuition
experientially.
CELBANPrep Coaching follows the learner's needs.
If the learner is working on an E2Q lesson about identifying core emotions, the coaching can work with that.
If the learner is working on a C3 lesson about problem solving, the coaching can work with that.
If the learner has submitted sentences from Grammar Essentials about coordinating conjunctions, the coaching can work with those sentences.
During one-on-one coaching sessions, the learner's experience becomes the focal point of the learning.
With coaching, the learning cycle often becomes integrative:
Learn
⬇️
Observe
Act
Practise
Apply the skill to real life
⬇️
Orient by sharing stories with a coach
⬇️
Explore, Understand
Discern & Decide
⬇️
Act: Apply to real life: again
⬇️
Build Competence and Confidence
In this way the developmental pathway is integrative.
As the learner moves from observing, to orienting within the skill, to discerning decisions, to action...
The coach can notice patterns that may not be visible to the learner yet.
As the patterns surface over time, the feedback from the coach becomes cumulative.
What is learned in one week is then carried into the next week.
Patterns are identified, recognized, and shared.
They are observed, discerned, decided, and acted upon.
With coaching, sessions are normally approximately two hours once a week over the 12-week period, or approximately 24 hours of live coaching time.
Yet, coaching may continue longer when the learner needs more time.
In Student-Centred Learning, pattern identification and recognition skill development manifests in a completely different way from simply receiving a mark on a test.
"Student-centred" learning does not mean that the learner is left alone with a collection of materials.
Nor does it mean the teacher has all the influence.
Student-centred learning means that the learner influences the direction of the learning.
It means that the learner's needs become the centre focus.
As an illustration:
A LESSON PROVIDES THE ASSIGNMENT
⬇️
The learner does the observing, the practicing, the reflecting.
⬇️
Sharing the experience reveals the patterns:
what is understood and what still needs attention.
⬇️
The Coach can then respond to the individual learner's needs: in that moment, when it comes to those particular skills.
⬇️
The learner then discerns and decides their next action.
⬇️
REPEAT
Student-centred learning means that the learner influences the direction of the learning: the learner's needs are front and centre.
By experiencing student-centred learning,
IENs and IEHPs are subsequently experiencing a cousin to patient-centred care.
How is that?
Some skills are learned through explanation.
Some are learned through practice.
Some are learned through seeing, experiencing, and being guided by another person.
That is where mentoring and role modelling become part of the learning.
When IENs and IEHPs experience student-centred learning, they are experiencing the transferable skill that can manifests as patient-centred care.
The normal GOLD pathway - for all 3 courses at once - is 12 weeks.
Each week contains one lesson for each course.
That is 3 lessons per week in total.
However, through daily practice and application, learners also need time for:
reading.
practising.
commenting.
applying skills.
watching videos.
exploring material.
integrating the skills.
answering questions.
reviewing their work.
completing written assignments.
returning to previous learning: as needed.
This means:
Interacting with others. ✅
Sharing Information. ✅
Giving and Receiving Instructions. ✅
Getting Things Done. ✅
Depending on ones baseline...
Depending on life cirumstances...
Some learners may move more slowly.
Some may have less time available for study.
The 12-week structure provides the pathway.
It does not mean every learner has exactly the same timeline.
Before choosing any CELBAN preparation or communication-development program, look beyond the number of videos, hours, tests, or lessons.
Ask:
How many courses?
How many lessons?
How long is the learning pathway?
Is there:
assignments?
practice?
application?
revision?
iterations?
integration?
Does feedback simply tell you what was wrong?
Or does someone help you understand the problem, practise the skill, revise your work, and apply it again?
An instructor may lead a test, review answers, mark writing, provide speaking feedback, teach a lesson, model a skill, or do several of these things.
Ask what actually happens.
Compare the learning experience, not only the price.
A 30-hour practice course and a 12-week university-level learning pathway are not automatically measuring the same thing simply because both are called “CELBAN preparation.”
Likewise, three courses should not be described as one course simply because they are sold together as one bundle.
Understand the units before comparing the price.
GOLD includes three 12-lesson courses:
Wonderful Writing, Essential EQ, and Canadian Communication & Culture.
Together they provide 36 lessons in a 12-week CLB-based learning pathway.
No. The GOLD Bundle was created first for IENs preparing for CELBAN.
It also serves IEHPs developing CLB-based professional communication skills in preparation for professional practice and licensure in Canada.
No. The GOLD Bundle can be used by an IEHP who needs CLB-based professional communication development.
It can also be used by an IEN who needs skill development as part of CELBAN preparation.
The GOLD Bundle is not simply an “advanced practice course.”
It is a CLB-based skill-development pathway.
It includes Stage II and Stage III skill development relevant to the communication demands learners encounter as they develop toward higher levels of proficiency.
And, the required scores for CELBAN (7 in Writing, 8 in Reading and Speaking, and 9 or 10 in Listening fall into the categories of Stage II and III where Stage II is a CLB of 5-8, and Stage III is a CLB of 9-12. CELBANPrep Gold Bundle is for CLB 5-10).
Yes. The GOLD Bundle is structured as a 12-week pathway. Learners work through the material themselves within that structure.
Learners may need more or less time depending on their circumstances.
Coaching is available as an additional layer of support.
Coaching can include review of actual work, written feedback, speaking practice, clarification, mentoring, role modelling, and help identifying recurring patterns, errors, and weaknesses.
No. Consistent with the Compassionate Pricing Policy, the learning materials and courses provide the structured learning experience for those seeking self-study options.
Coaching adds personalized human support for those who seek one-on-one support and are willing and able to invest in their futures.
CELBANPrep follows a Compassionate Pricing Policy.
Separating the course from coaching allows learners to choose the level of financial investment.
If a learner wants a self-study course, that is available to them at a lower price.
If a learner wants and needs human support, and are able to invest in their future: coaching is available.
The course provides the learning structure.
Coaching adds personal support, individual review, mentoring, and pattern identification.
CELBANPrep GOLD Bundle contains three full-length courses, but they are designed to work together.
If a learner has more time to prepare, they move through the three courses during the same 12-week pathway.
If the learner has less time to prepare, more responsibilities, they may opt to move through the courses separately: taking Wonderful Writing and Grammar Essentials in one movement; and Essential EQ and Canadian Communication and culture in a separate movement.
The courses are complementary and increasingly integrated.
No. Practice exams and rehearsal can have a place in CELBAN preparation but not at CELBANPrep University.
The GOLD Bundle is a CLB-based skill-development pathway; it takes time to develop competencies to the degree required to ensure patient health and safety.